How are transponder codes assigned?

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How are transponder codes assigned? Why do they seem to be similar for a particular facility?
 
Well, the transpoder or squawk codes are assigned by the ATC or by the control software, in the case of Mexico, the leading software is the Eurocat X

For this porpouse the criteria is based on the ICAO regulations where qre stablished the emergency and dedicated codes.

For emergency, the discrete codes are:

7500 - Hijacked
7600 - Radio/Communications Failure
7700 - Emergency

Also the dedicated, basic codes are:

1200 - For VFR Flights with unassigned code and below 12000 ft
1400 - VFR flights over 12000 ft
1500 - Helicopter on VFR Rules
2000 - IFR flight with unassigned code

The rest of the assigned codes are based on a destination and airpace criteria, for example if the aircraft destination is international, regional, national, intercontinental, etc.

And the idea is to never repeat a squawk code on the same area in order to have the accurate information of the flight and airplane.
 
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